The reasons why Pakistan might be at high risk of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever epidemic; a scoping review of the literature

被引:36
作者
Atif, Muhammad [1 ]
Saqib, Anum [1 ]
Ikram, Raazeyah [1 ]
Sarwar, Muhammad Rehan [1 ]
Scahill, Shane [2 ]
机构
[1] Islamia Univ Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
[2] Massey Univ, Auckland, New Zealand
关键词
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever; Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus; CCHF; CCHFV; Pakistan; Eid-ul-Azha; FEBRUARY; 2002; VIRUS; OUTBREAK; PROVINCE; TURKEY; AFGHANISTAN; RAWALPINDI; INFECTION; DIVERSITY;
D O I
10.1186/s12985-017-0726-4
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 [微生物学];
摘要
Pakistan has faced a number of significant healthcare challenges over the past decade. In 2000, one of these events - a deadly epidemic of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) - struck Pakistan. The people of Pakistan are at a very high risk of acquiring CCHF, due to a number of factors which emerge from a scoping review of the literature. First, the underdeveloped healthcare system of the country is currently not prepared to cope with challenges of this nature. Healthcare professionals and medical institutes are not sufficiently equipped to properly diagnose, manage and prevent CCHF. Second, a large percentage of the general public is unaware of the spread and control of the vector. The agricultural sector of Pakistan is vast and thus many people are involved in animal husbandry and the handling of livestock which can lead to the transmission of the CCHF virus. Even in urban areas the risk of transmission is significantly higher around the time of Eid-ul-Azha, when Muslims slaughter animals. Finally, the political upheavals faced by the country have also increased Pakistan's vulnerability because a large number of refugees from Afghanistan, a CCHF endemic country, have migrated to Pakistan as a result of the Afghan war. Most of the refugees and their animals settle in Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces, which consequently have a higher prevalence of CCHF. This scoping review of the literature highlights the potential causes of high risk CCHF and draws conclusions and makes recommendations that policy-makers in Pakistan may wish to consider in-order to improve on the current situation.
引用
收藏
页数:7
相关论文
共 39 条
[1]
Afzal M., 2004, Quart. Sci. Vis., V9, P3
[2]
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Pakistan: Are we going in the right direction [J].
Ahmad, Akram ;
Khan, Muhammad Umair .
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY PRACTICE, 2015, 4 (04) :173-174
[3]
Genetic analysis and epidemiology of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses in Baluchistan province of Pakistan [J].
Alam, Muhammad Masroor ;
Khurshid, Adnan ;
Sharif, Salmaan ;
Shaukat, Shahzad ;
Rana, Muhammad Suleman ;
Angez, Mehar ;
Zaidi, Syed Sohail Zahoor .
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2013, 13
[4]
Ansari R., 2016, OJEMD, V6, P173, DOI [10.4236/ojemd.2016, DOI 10.4236/OJEMD.2016.67023, 10.4236/ojemd.2016.67023]
[5]
Arksey H., 2005, INT J SOC RES METHOD, V8, P19, DOI 10.1080/1364557032000119616
[6]
'Scoping the scope' of a cochrane review [J].
Armstrong, Rebecca ;
Hall, Belinda J. ;
Doyle, Jodie ;
Waters, Elizabeth .
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 2011, 33 (01) :147-150
[7]
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, February 2002: Contact tracing and risk assessment [J].
Athar, MN ;
Khalid, MA ;
Ahmad, AM ;
Bashir, N ;
Baqai, HZ ;
Ahmad, M ;
Balouch, AH ;
Bashir, K .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2005, 72 (04) :471-473
[8]
Short report: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, February 2002 [J].
Athar, MN ;
Baqai, HZ ;
Ahmad, M ;
Khalid, MA ;
Bashir, N ;
Ahmad, AM ;
Balouch, AH ;
Bashir, K .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2003, 69 (03) :284-287
[9]
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity [J].
Bente, Dennis A. ;
Forrester, Naomi L. ;
Watts, Douglas M. ;
McAuley, Alexander J. ;
Whitehouse, Chris A. ;
Bray, Mike .
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH, 2013, 100 (01) :159-189
[10]
BUNERI N., 2016, THE NATION NEWSPAPER