Epidemiologic studies of folate and colorectal neoplasia: a review

被引:337
作者
Giovannucci, E [1 ]
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[3] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[4] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
关键词
epidemiology; folate; colorectal neoplasia; diet;
D O I
10.1093/jn/132.8.2350S
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Dietary folate influences DNA methylation, synthesis and repair. Aberrations in these DNA processes may enhance carcinogenesis, particularly in rapidly proliferative tissues such as the colorectal mucosa. DNA methylation abnormalities may influence the expression of cancer-related genes, and inadequate levels of folate may lead to uracil misincorporation into DNA and to chromosomal breaks. Folate deficiency enhances intestinal carcinogenesis in several animal models. An increasing number of epidemiologic studies indicate that higher intakes of folate either from dietary sources or from supplements may lower the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer. More limited data also suggest that dietary methionine, which might also influence methylation, may have a similar protective role. High alcohol consumption, which has a strong antifolate effect, also has been related to higher risk of colorectal neoplasia. The deleterious effects of alcohol are accentuated when folate or methionine intake is low. Some evidence also suggests that the risk of colorectal neoplasia may vary according to genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, an enzyme that is involved in folate metabolism. The cumulative data indicate that maintaining adequate folate levels may be important in lowering risk of colorectal cancer.
引用
收藏
页码:2350S / 2355S
页数:6
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