Block of human cardiac Kv1.5 channels by loratadine: voltage-, time- and use-dependent block at concentrations above therapeutic levels

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of loratadine on a human cardiac K+ channel (hKv1.5) cloned from human ventricle and stably expressed in a mouse cell line. Methods: Currents were studied using the whole-cell configuration of the patch - clamp technique in Ltk(-) cells transfected with the gene encoding hKv1.5 channels. Results: Loratadine inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the hKv1.5 current, the apparent affinity being 1.2 +/- 0.2 mu M. The blockade increased steeply between -30 and 0 mV which corresponded with the voltage range for channel opening, thus suggesting that the drug binds preferentially to the open state of the channel. The apparent association and dissociation rate constants were (3.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(6).M-1.s(-1) and 3.7 +/- 1.6.s(-1) respectively. Loratadine, 1 mu M, increased the time constant of deactivation of tail currents elicited on return to -40 mV after 500 ms depolarizing pulses to +60 mV from 36.2 +/- 3.4 to 64.9 +/- 3.6 ms (n = 6, P < 0.01), thus inducing a 'crossover' phenomenon. Application of trains of pulses at 1 Hz lead to a progressive increase in the blockade reaching a final value of 48.6 +/- 4.3%. Recovery from loratadine-induced block at -80 mV exhibited a time constant of 743.0 +/- 78.0 ms. Finally, the results of a mathematical simulation of the effects of loratadine, based on an open-channel block model, reproduced fairly well the main effects of the drug. Conclusions: The present results demonstrated that loratadine blocked hKv1.5 channels in a concentration-, voltage-, time- and use-dependent manner but only at concentrations much higher than therapeutic plasma levels in man. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.