Alkylphenol and bisphenol A levels in rubber products

Levels of p-t-butylphenol ( PTBP), p-t-octylphenol (PTOP), p-nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in rubber products in food-contact use, infant-related use and other uses are reported. Of 60 rubber products tested, PTOP was found in three in a concentration range of 2.2-37 mug g(-1), and NP in 15 in a concentration range of 2.6-513 mug g(-1). PTBP and BPA were not found in any sample. PTOP and NP were not detected in any infant-related sample, regardless of the material type. In contrast, among the samples with food contact and with other uses, the percentages containing PTOP or NP were 33 and 43%, respectively. A migration test was performed on eight samples containing NP and used in food-contact environments. The migration level of NP from spatulas to n-heptane was 0.83-1.52 mug ml(-1). The average migration rates to water, 20% ethanol and n-heptane were 0.03, 0.7 and 6.6%, respectively.