Rapid analysis of flavor volatiles in apple wine using headspace solid-phase microextraction

Flavor volatiles are important components of alcoholic bevel-ages. In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatogyraphy-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were investigated for the determination of flavor-contributing volatiles for apple wine. HS-SPME parameters were defined, including fiber coatings. extraction time, and extraction temperature. Good linearity. recoveries, and repeatability of the SPME method using carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (carboxen-PDMS) fiber were obtained with r(2) values, recoveries, and relative standard deviations ranging from 0.9112 to 0.9960, 80.23% to 110.21%, and 1.5% to 6.4% respectively using standard solution. No significant effects of ethanol concentration on headspace concentrations of analytes were observed when ethanol concentration changed from 0% to 12% (v/v), indicating that the HS-SPME-GC-MS method can be used for the determination of flavor volatiles in apple wine with an alcohol content below 12% (v/v) as well as in apple juice, and the method enables the monitoring of volatiles in mash during fermentation.