Hormone therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer

Purpose: We assessed cause specific and all cause survival in men with locally advanced prostate cancer after hormone therapy. Materials and Methods: Between February 1991 and November 2000, 208 men with locally advanced prostate cancer were treated with gonadal androgen ablation or gonadal androgen ablation and an antiandrogen at a single medical center. Median PSA was 46 ng./ml. (range 2 to 748). Median potential followup was 78 months (range 4 to 122) and the median observation period was 46 months (range 3 to 122). Results: Of the patients 14 (7%) died of causes related to cancer and 71 (34%) died of competing co-morbid disease. Actuarial cause specific survival at 5 and 8 years was 92% and 80%, respectively. The only demographic or tumor related variable that influenced cause specific survival was Gleason score less than 8 versus 8 or greater (p = 0.02). Actuarial all cause survival at 5 and 8 years was 59% and 41%, respectively. The only variable that influenced all cause survival was a Charlson weighted co-morbidity score of less than 2 versus 2 or greater (p < 0.0001). Major morbidity from the primary tumor, including bothersome obstructive voiding symptoms requiring transurethral prostate resection, ureteral obstruction or persistent hematuria, developed in 13 patients (6%), while major treatment related morbidity, including flutamide hepatotoxicity and hip fracture, developed in 4. Conclusions: Hormone therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer is associated with minimal morbidity from the primary tumor and from treatment. All cause survival parallels that reported for integrated hormone and radiation therapy.