Electrochemiluminescence from Os(phen)2(dppene)2+ (phen=1,10-phenanthroline and dppene = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene)

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Os(phen)(2)(dppene)(2+) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and dppene = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene) is reported in mixed CH3CN/H2O (50:50 v/v) and aqueous (0.1 M KH2PO4) solutions with tri-n-propylamine (rPrA) as an oxidative-reductive coreactant ECL efficiencies (phi(ecl) = photons emitted/redox event) of 2.0 in aqueous, and 0.95 in mixed for Os(phen)(2)(dppene)(2+) were obtained using Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as a relative standard (phi(ecl) = 1). Photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies of 0.094 and 0.053 were obtained in aqueous and mixed solutions, respectively, as compared to Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) (phi(em) = 0.042). The ECL spectra were identical to photoluminescence spectra (lambda(max) congruent to 584 nm), indicating formation of the same metal-to-ligand (MLCT) excited states in both ECL and PL The ECL is linear over several orders of magnitude in aqueous and mixed solution, with theoretical detection limits (blank plus three times the standard deviation of the noise) of 16.9 nM in H2O and 0.29 nM in CH3CN/H2O (50:50 v/v).