Summary statement: Clinical BMP programs

Three osteoinductive bone growth factors have proceeded sufficiently through preclinical studies to generate data form human trials. These osteoinductive factors include recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7/osteogenic protein-1, and a bovine extract from a mixture of bone morphogenetic proteins. Each program has its unique challenges with preclinical efficacy, safety, carrier, dose-concentration, and clinical trial design. This article compares and contrasts the programs as they pertain to the use of bone morphogenetic proteins for spine fusion.