A new composite made of polyurethane and glass ceramic in a loaded implant model: a biomechanical and histological analysis

The biocompatibility and osseous integration of a new composite material made of polyurethane and a calcium silicophosphate ceramic was investigated in a loaded implant model in sheep and compared to that of commercially pure titanium. Six months after implantation, interfacial shear strength was higher between the titanium and bone than between the composite and bone. After 2 years, however, the shear strength was significantly higher in the composite group. Histologically, both implants were surrounded by bone and fibrous tissue and there were no signs of inflammation. Direct contact of bone on the composite surface increased significantly with time, whereas there was no time-dependent increase of bone contact on titanium. It can be concluded that the biocompatibility and osseous integration of the composite was very good in the loaded implant model used. It is therefore suggested that the new composite is a promising biomaterial for orthopaedic implants.