Statistics of ordinal variation

Whereas measures of variation in nominal data have long been recognized and used by sociologists, measures of variation for ordered categorical data have received little attention. The authors discuss the potential usefulness of ordinal dispersion statistics in sociology and define a broad class of such measures, some of which have previously been proposed in other forms. This article focuses on two statistics, termed l(2) and l, which are [0 - 1] normed measures of concentration or dispersion, and illustrates their use for two purposes: measuring inequality and cultural consensus. The bias, variance, and use of these statistics in inference are discussed. The article concludes with a substantive application of these statistics and a comparison to the performance of conventional variation statistics.