Covariation among floral traits in Spergularia marina (Caryophyllaceae): Geographic and temporal variation in phenotypic and among-family correlations

被引:16
作者
Mazer, SJ [1 ]
Delesalle, VA [1 ]
机构
[1] GETTYSBURG COLL, DEPT BIOL, GETTYSBURG, PA 17325 USA
关键词
genetic correlation; maternal effects; population differentiation; sex allocation; Spergularia;
D O I
10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9060993.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Strong covariation among traits suggests the presence of constraints on their independent evolution due to pleiotropy, to linkage, or to selective forces that maintain particular trait combinations. We examined floral trait covariation among individuals, among maternal families within and across populations, and over time, in greenhouse-raised plants of the autogamous Spergularia marina. We had three aims. First, since the phenotype of traits expressed by modular organs often changes as individuals age, estimates of the degree of genetic covariation between such traits may also change over time. To seek evidence for this, we measured weekly (for five weeks) an array of floral traits among plants representing similar to 10 maternal families from each of four populations. The statistical significance of the phenotypic and among-family correlations among traits changed over time. Second, we compared populations with respect to trait covariation to determine whether populations or traits appear to be evolving independently of one another. Differences observed among populations suggest that they have diverged genetically. Third, we sought correlations that might reflect constraints on the independent evolution of floral traits. Investment in anther and ovule production per flower vary independently among maternal families; there was no evidence for a ''trade-off'' between male and female investment. We propose that in autogamous taxa one should not find a negative correlation between pollen and ovule production per flower, as such taxa cannot evolve sexual specialization and should be under strong selection to maintain an efficient pollen:ovule ratio, preventing the evolution of male-biased or female-biased genotypes. We found that other pairs of floral traits, however, expressed highly significant correlation coefficients, suggesting the presence of some evolutionary constraints, at least within some populations, although their strength depended on exactly when flowers were sampled.
引用
收藏
页码:993 / 1015
页数:23
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