Specificity in the statics and dynamics of surface-confined ions

Specific ionic effects (as ranked in lyotropic series) for surface-confined ions are studied using information from electric double layers, colloid stability, electrokinetics and molecular dynamics. Solid-aqueous solution interfaces are emphasized. A combination of all of this disparate information produces a systematic insight. Sequences can be inverted by modification of the nature of the surface. Dynamic and static sequences are not necessarily identical. The main origin of ionic specificity is the difference in configurational entropy change of the water upon binding of the ion to surface sites.