Fluconazole and amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with cryptococcal meningitis treated with the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole. CASE SUMMARY: A 41-year-old woman with cryptococcal meningitis who was not infected with HIV was treated with a combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole because she did not respond to amphotericin B alone and could not tolerate amphotericin B with flucytosine. She improved clinically, but it is unclear whether the combination was beneficial. DISCUSSION: Standard therapy for cryptococcal meningitis is amphotericin B with or without flucytosine. Fluconazole is an alternative therapy, but its efficacy has not been documented in the patient population not infected with HIV. Theoretically, the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole is antagonistic, but in vitro and in vivo data suggest that antagonism may not occur. The combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole in cryptococcal meningitis has not bren evaluated in clinical trials, and its use is not recommended. CONCLUSIONS: A patient with cryptococcal meningitis was rated with the combination of amphotericin B and fluconazole because of a poor response to amphotericin B monotherapy and intolerance to flucytosine. it is unclear whether her clinical response was a result of the combination.