Spatial relationship between endophyll, primordial germ cells, sickle endoblast and upper layer in cultured avian blastoderms

By isotopic quail-chicken chimera experiments of the Rauber's sickle or by radioactive labelling and isotopically replacing of the caudal endophyllic sheet in unincubated avian blastoderms, followed by culture, we demonstrated that the displacement of the endophyll by the cranially extending sickle endoblast is not exclusively a mechanical phenomenon, as suggested by earlier studies (Vakaet, 1962 a, b). Indeed, our study suggests that the sickle endoblast also migrates centripetally very soon (already after 5 h) in and through the caudal endophyll before ingression of upper layer cells takes place. We also describe the early spatial relationship between the three elementary tissues (endophyll, Rauber's sickle, upper layer) (Callebaut et al, 1996a) and the induction phenomena between quail sickle endoblast and chicken upper layer (UL) during the formation of the primitive groove. The latter already develops before ingression occurs. We found no evidence for an endophyllic origin of avian primordial germ cells.