Back analysis of large geotechnical models

This paper gives a brief review, comparison and further development of back analysis procedures in geotechnical models. The dual boundary control method is adopted to develop a general back analysis code suitable for parameter identification of large, complex geotechnical problems. The procedure for parameter identification is discussed here for both 2D and 3D models. Some numerical examples were given to illustrate the applicability and the convergence of this procedure, with special care being taken for tunnel applications to ensure that the method is suitable for large systems. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.