Evidence of the final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake and the brackish phase of the Yoldia Sea in glacial varves from the Baltic Sea

A clay-varve chronology based on 14 cross-correlated varve graphs from the Baltic Sea and a mean varve thickness curve has been constructed. This chronology is correlated with the Swedish Time Scale and covers the time span 11 530 to 10 250 varve years BP. Two cores have been analysed for grain size, chemistry, content of diatoms and changes in colour by digital colour analysis. The final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake is dated to c. 10800 varve years BP and registered in the cores analysed as a decrease in the content of clay. This event can be correlated with atmospheric D 14 C content and might have resulted in an increase in these values recorded between 11565 and 11545 years BP. The results of the correlation between the varve chronology from the Baltic Sea, the Greenland GRIP ice core and the atmospheric D 14 C record indicate that c. 760 years are missing in the Swedish Time Scale in the part younger than c. 10 250 varve years BP. A change in colour from a brownish to grey varved glacial clay recorded c. 10 770 varve years BP is found to be the result of oxygen deficiency due to an increase in the rate of sedimentation in the early Preboreal. The first brackish influence is recorded c. 10 540 varve years BP in the northwestern Baltic Sea and some 90 years later in the eastern Gotland Basin.