Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma

被引:249
作者
Chalupa, DC
Morrow, PE
Oberdörster, G
Utell, MJ
Frampton, MW
机构
[1] Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
[2] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
[3] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
关键词
air pollution; asthma; deposition; dosimetry; inhalation; ultrafine particles;
D O I
10.1289/ehp.6851
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Ambient air particles in the ultrafine size range (diameter < 100 nm) may contribute to the health effects of particulate matter. However, there are few data on ultrafine particle deposition during spontaneous breathing, and none in people with asthma. Sixteen subjects with mild to moderate asthma were exposed for 2 hr, by mouthpiece, to ultrafine carbon particles with a count median diameter (CMD) of 23 nm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.6. Deposition was measured during spontaneous breathing at rest (minute ventilation, 13.3 +/- 2.0 L/min) and exercise (minute ventilation, 41.9 +/- 9.0 L/min). The mean SD fractional deposition was 0.76 +/- 0.05 by particle number and 0.69 +/- 0.07 by particle mass concentration. The number deposition fraction increased as particle size decreased, reaching 0.84 +/- 0.03 for the smallest particles (midpoint CMD = 8.7 nm). No differences between sexes were observed. The deposition fraction increased during exercise to 0.86 +/- 0.04 and 0.79 +/- 0.05 by particle number and mass concentration, respectively, and reached 0.93 +/- 0.02 for the smallest particles. Experimental deposition data exceeded model predictions during exercise. The deposition at rest was greater in these subjects with asthma than in previously studied healthy subjects (0.76 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.10, p < 0.001). The efficient respiratory deposition of ultrafine particles increases further in subjects with asthma.
引用
收藏
页码:879 / 882
页数:4
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