Generation of a dominant-negative mutant of endothelial PAS domain protein 1 by deletion of a potent C-terminal transactivation domain

Endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) is a basic helix-loop-helix/PAS domain transcription factor that is preferentially expressed in vascular endothelial cells, EPAS1 shares high homology with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and, like HIF-1 alpha, has been shown to bind to the HIF-1-binding site and to activate its downstream genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin. In this report, we show that EPAS1 increased VEGF gene expression through the DIP-I-binding site. This transactivation was enhanced further by cotransfection of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator expression plasmid. Deletion analysis of EPAS1 revealed a potent activation domain (amino acids 486-639) essential for EPAS1 to transactivate the VEGF promoter. We confirmed the ability of this domain to activate transcription using a Ga14 fusion protein system. Because a truncated EPAS1 protein lacking the transactivation domain at amino acids 486-639 eliminated induction of the VEGF promoter by wildtype EPAS1, the truncated protein functions as a dominant-negative mutant. Most important, infection of the cells with an adenoviral construct expressing this mutant inhibited the induction of VEGF mRNA under conditions that mimic hypoxia. Our results suggest that EPAS1 is an important regulator of VEGF gene expression. Since VEGF plays a crucial role in angiogenesis, the ability of dominant-negative EPAS1 ito inhibit VEGF promoter activity raises the possibility of a novel approach to inhibiting pathological angiogenesis.