Reactivity of hydrazinophthalazine drugs with the lipid peroxidation products acrolein and crotonaldehyde

The nucleophilic drug hydralazine strongly inhibits cell toxicity mediated by acrolein, a short chain 2-alkenal formed during lipid peroxidation. We here report the chemistry of acrolein-trapping by hydralazine, and show that together with its structural analogue dihydralazine, it also readily traps crotonaldehyde. Isolable reaction products included (1E)-acrylaldehyde phthalazin-1-ylhydrazone (E-APH), (1Z)-acrylaldehyde phthalazin-1-ylhydrazone (Z-APH), ( 1E, 2E)-but-2-enal phthalazin-1-ylhydrazone (E-BPH) and ( 1Z, 2E)-but-2-enal phthalazin-1-ylhydrazone (Z-BPH). Concentration-dependent formation of (1E)-acrylaldehyde phthalazin-1-ylhydrazone was observed in the culture media of cells co-exposed to hydralazine and the acrolein precursor allyl alcohol. These aldehyde-sequestering properties of hydrazinophthalazine drugs may contribute to the protection they provide against 2-alkenal-mediated toxicity.