Idiopathic musical hallucinations in the elderly

The purpose of this study was to determine the phenomenology and treatment of idiopathic musical hallucinations in the elderly by reviewing all relevant case reports. A systematic literature search yielded 32 case reports that met the following four inclusion criteria: (1) published in English, French, or Italian; (2) cases aged 65 years of age or older; (3) absence of major focal neurologic disease; and (4) absence of drug toxicity. Information was subsequently abstracted from each case reported and tabulated. Idiopathic musical hallucinations in the elderly occurred predominantly in females who had a hearing impairment, one third of whom were depressed. Treatment of depressed patients with antidepressants and nondepressed patients with anticonvulsants/anxiolytics seemed to result in improvement of many cases.