The SOCS-1 story

SOCS-1 is an intracellular protein able to block the differentiation of leukemic M1 cells inducible by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or regulators using the gp130 receptor. Its transient production is readily inducible by cytokine stimulation, and SOCS-1 appears to be a negative feedback molecule, modulating or suppressing receptor signaling activated by at least eight cytokines. Mice lacking SOCS-1 develop a lethal neonatal syndrome including liver damage, depletion of T and B lymphocytes, and granulocyte-macrophage infiltration of the liver, lungs, pancreas, heart, and skin. These and the associated hematologic abnormalities in SOCS-1(-/-) mice can all be mimicked by the neonatal injection of high doses of IFN-gamma. The lethal neonatal disease in SOCS-1(-/-) mice is preventable by injection of antibodies to IPN-gamma or by crossing SOCS-1(-/-) mice with IFN-gamma(-/-) mice, identifying IFN-gamma as being essential for the initiation of the neonatal disease and death. IFN-gamma appears not to be overproduced in SOCS-1(-/-) mice, and the lethal disease may arise from hyperresponsiveness of -/- cells to normal levels of IFN-gamma, SOCS-1(-/-) mice allowed to survive the neonatal period by cross-mating with IFN-gamma(-/-) mice may well ultimately develop other disease states, because loss of SOCS-1 potentially renders them hyperresponsive to other cytokine signaling. (C) 1999 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.