Pacific treefrogs use temporal integration to differentiate advertisement from encounter calls

Male Pacific treefrogs, Hyla regilla, use advertisement and encounter calls in their reproductive communication. Encounter calls are produced when a male hears either advertisement or encounter calls at amplitudes that exceed his aggressive threshold for that call type, and they are believed to play a role in male spacing in a chorus. Aggressive thresholds of males for advertisement and encounter calls are plastic; males resume advertisement calling (i.e. accommodate) after repeated exposure to either advertisement or encounter calls that exceed their aggressive thresholds for that call type. Presentation of one call type does not elevate a male's aggressive threshold for the other call type, indicating that discrete neural 'channels' exist for processing advertisement versus encounter calls. Because these calls are spectrally highly similar, it is likely that they are differentiated in the central auditory system on the basis of their different temporal structure;: pulses are repeated in advertisement and encounter calls at rates of approximately 100 pulses/s and 30 pulses/s, respectively. The present study tested whether consecutive advertisement-type interpulse intervals (IPIs) are required to activate the filter for advertisement calls. Males were accommodated to synthetic stimuli that differed in the proportion of advertisement versus encounter IPIs. Aggressive thresholds of males for the encounter call and advertisement call (monophasic type) were elevated 450% and 58%, respectively, following accommodation to a stimulus that had nine of each IPI type, arranged in an alternating sequence. Aggressive thresholds for the monophasic advertisement call were elevated 151%, however, when males were accommodated with stimuli that had two sets of eight to nine consecutive advertisement IPIs; consistent with previous work, aggressive thresholds for the encounter call were not significantly elevated. Aggressive thresholds for the advertisement call are typically elevated approximately four-fold following accommodation with that call type. These findings are-consistent, therefore, with the hypothesis that several consecutive advertisement IPIs are required to activate the 'advertisement channel'; if consecutive advertisement IPIs were not required, the stimulus-that consisted of the same number of advertisement and encounter IPIs should have induced comparable elevations of the aggressive thresholds of males for advertisement and encounter calls. Selective filters for the advertisement call, therefore, appear to. integrate information across many consecutive 'correct' IPIs. This integration process may contribute to female's call preference. (C) 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.