High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China

被引:3852
作者
Huang, Ru-Jin [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Zhang, Yanlin [4 ,5 ,6 ]
Bozzetti, Carlo [1 ]
Ho, Kin-Fai [7 ]
Cao, Jun-Ji [2 ,3 ]
Han, Yongming [2 ,3 ]
Daellenbach, Kaspar R. [1 ]
Slowik, Jay G. [1 ]
Platt, Stephen M. [1 ]
Canonaco, Francesco [1 ]
Zotter, Peter [1 ]
Wolf, Robert [1 ]
Pieber, Simone M. [1 ]
Bruns, Emily A. [1 ]
Crippa, Monica [1 ]
Ciarelli, Giancarlo [1 ]
Piazzalunga, Andrea [8 ]
Schwikowski, Margit [4 ,5 ,6 ]
Abbaszade, Guelcin [9 ,10 ]
Schnelle-Kreis, Juergen [9 ,10 ]
Zimmermann, Ralf [9 ,10 ,11 ]
An, Zhisheng [2 ,3 ]
Szidat, Soenke [4 ,5 ]
Baltensperger, Urs [1 ]
El Haddad, Imad [1 ]
Prevot, Andre S. H. [1 ]
机构
[1] PSI, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, SKLLQG, Xian 710075, Peoples R China
[3] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Key Lab Aerosol Chem & Phys, Xian 710075, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
[5] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
[6] PSI, Lab Radiochem & Environm Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
[7] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Jockey Club Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[8] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, I-20126 Milan, Italy
[9] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth GmbH, Joint Mass Spectrometry Ctr, Cooperat Grp Comprehens Mol Analyt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
[10] Helmholtz Virtual Inst Complex Mol Syst Environm, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
[11] Univ Rostock, Joint Mass Spectrometry Ctr, Inst Chem, D-18015 Rostock, Germany
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
ORGANIC AEROSOLS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PM2.5; EMISSIONS; FIELD;
D O I
10.1038/nature13774
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Rapid industrialization and urbanization in developing countries has led to an increase in air pollution, along a similar trajectory to that previously experienced by the developed nations(1). In China, particulate pollution is a serious environmental problem that is influencing air quality, regional and global climates, and human health(2,3). In response to the extremely severe and persistent haze pollution experienced by about 800 million people during the first quarter of 2013 (refs 4, 5), the Chinese State Council announced its aim to reduce concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometres) by up to 25 per cent relative to 2012 levels by 2017 (ref. 6). Such efforts however require elucidation of the factors governing the abundance and composition of PM2.5, which remain poorly constrained in China(3,7,8). Here we combine a comprehensive set of novel and state-of-the-art offline analytical approaches and statistical techniques to investigate the chemical nature and sources of particulate matter at urban locations in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi'an during January 2013. We find that the severe haze pollution event was driven to a large extent by secondary aerosol formation, which contributed 30-77 per cent and 44-71 per cent (average for all four cities) of PM2.5 and of organic aerosol, respectively. On average, the contribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) are found to be of similar importance (SOA/SIA ratios range from 0.6 to 1.4). Our results suggest that, in addition to mitigating primary particulate emissions, reducing the emissions of secondary aerosol precursors from, for example, fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning is likely to be important for controlling China's PM2.5 levels and for reducing the environmental, economic and health impacts resulting from particulate pollution.
引用
收藏
页码:218 / 222
页数:5
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