Segond fracture: Lateral capsular ligament avulsion

Recently, there has been an emphasis placed on incorporating fundamental radiology in graduate level physical therapy curricula; however, the majority of practicing physical therapists never received formal radiology instruction. As health care changes, so must the role of the physical therapist. In a managed care environment, it is essential that physical therapists recognize basic radiographic findings and understand their clinical ramifications. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and provide commentary on avulsion fractures of the lateral tibial condyle, known as Segond fractures. Segond fractures typically occur by forced internal tibial rotation with the knee flexed. This mechanism places tremendous force on the middle portion of the lateral capsule and associated meniscotibial ligament and results in a small bony avulsion. The Segond fracture is an important radiographic sign that is critical to recognize because it is generally associated with anterior cruciate ligament disruption.