The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica requires host cell death for proliferation during mutualistic symbiosis with barley

被引:281
作者
Deshmukh, Sachin
Hueckelhoven, Ralph
Schaefer, Patrick
Imani, Jafargholi
Sharma, Monica
Weiss, Michael
Waller, Frank
Kogel, Karl-Heinz [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Giessen, Res Ctr Biosyst Land Use & Nutr, Inst Phytopathol & Appl Zool, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
[2] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Phytopathol, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
[3] Univ Tubingen, Inst Systemat Bot & Mycol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany
关键词
biodiversity; mycorrhiza; rhizosphere; Sebacinales; systemic resistance;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0605697103
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Fungi of the recently defined order Sebacinales (Basidiomycota) are involved in a wide spectrum of mutualistic symbioses (including mycorrhizae) with various plants, thereby exhibiting a unique potential for biocontrol strategies. The axenically cultivable root endophyte Piriformospora indica is a model organism of this fungal order. It is able to increase biomass and grain yield of crop plants. In barley, the enclophyte induces local and systemic resistance to fungal diseases and to abiotic stress. To elucidate the lifestyle of A indica, we analyzed its symbiotic interaction and endophytic development in barley roots. We found that fungal colonization increases with root tissue maturation. The root tip meristern showed no colonization, and the elongation zone showed mainly intercellular colonization. In contrast, the differentiation zone was heavily infested by inter- and intracellular hyphae and intracellular chlamyclospores. The majority of hyphae were present in dead rhizodermal and cortical cells that became completely filled with chlamyclospores. In some cases, hyphae penetrated cells and built a meshwork around plasmolyzed protoplasts, suggesting that the fungus either actively kills cells or senses cells undergoing endogenous programmed cell death. Seven days after inoculation, expression of barley BAX inhibitor-1 [HvBI-1), a gene capable of inhibiting plant cell death, was attenuated. Consistently, fungal proliferation was strongly inhibited in transgenic barley overexpressing GFP-tagged HvBI-1, which shows that P. indica requires host cell death for proliferation in differentiated barley roots. We suggest that the enclophyte interferes with the host cell death program to form a mutualistic interaction with plants.
引用
收藏
页码:18450 / 18457
页数:8
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