An instrumentation solution for reducing spatial disorientation mishaps -: A more "natural" approach to maintaining spatial orientation

Some of the engineering approaches to dealing with spatial disorientation (SD) and their drawbacks are explored, including the nature's approach to spatial orientation. The Tactical Situation Awareness System (TSAS) is presented as a solution to the SD problem. The TSAS is an array of tactile stimulators arranged in columns and rows on a garment that a pilot wears on the torso and limbs. This array provides intuitive orientation information to aircrew and operators of remote platforms and is more compatible with a pilot's natural sensory system.