Factors influencing the distribution of lindane and other hexachlorocyclohexanes in the environment

被引:380
作者
Walker, K
Vallero, DA
Lewis, RG
机构
[1] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA
[2] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es990647n
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This review examines the potential for gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) to be transformed into other isomers of HCH. HGH residues are among the most widely distributed and frequently detected organochlorine contaminants in the environment. The potential environmental-and human health risks associated with these residues have prompted Canada, the United States, and Mexico to consider the development of a North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) to assess and mitigate HCH pollution. More information on the propensity of gamma-HCH to transform into other isomers is essential to the development of an effective regional management program. The high relative concentrations of alpha-HCH in the Arctic suggest that gamma-HCH may be transformed into other isomers in the environment. Laboratory studies show th at significant photoisomerization of gamma-HCH to alpha-HCH is possible. However, field studies do not find evidence for significant isomerization of gamma-HCH, and recent environmental samples suggest that alpha-HCH residues are declining as the use of technical HCH has ended in most parts of the world. Alternative explanations for the patterns of isomer contamination are discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:4373 / 4378
页数:6
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