Invited commentary: The art of making questionnaires better

A paper by Schilling et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:1141-4) addresses a crucial issue for epidemiologists: limited peer access to questionnaires. This limited access hampers the ability to evaluate and improve the questions used by investigators and, in turn, the quality of some of the self-reported data. The authors of this commentary analyzed recent publications in core epidemiology journals, finding that self-reported data were used in 64% of articles, but key questions were seldom printed in the article (9%), and open access to complete questionnaires (16%) was rarely provided. Only 47% of articles even discussed validation; of these, only 67% actually validated questions used in the study. The authors join Schilling et al. in making recommendations to improve questionnaire access and collaboration. A first step, proposed before, involves investigators posting their questionnaires on a website concurrently with publication of their article. Journal editors should require online access to full questionnaires for published articles and inclusion of key questions within the article when possible. Funding agencies should take the lead in increasing access and collaboration by developing a searchable database.