Calcium signaling in the cell nucleus

被引:189
作者
Santella, L
Carafoli, E
机构
[1] ETH ZENTRUM, INST BIOCHEM 3, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
[2] Staz Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 NAPLES, ITALY
关键词
nuclear envelope; gene transcription; proteolysis; pore gating; Ca2+ stores;
D O I
10.1096/fasebj.11.13.9367344
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Regulation of Ca2+ in the nucleus is a debated issue, essentially due to the presence in the envelope of the pores, which are large enough to permit the passive traffic of small molecules like Ca2+ Work with a number of cell systems has shown that Ca2+ diffuses freely in and out of the nucleus, whereas other studies have suggested instead that the nuclear envelope could become an efficient Ca2+ filter: electrophysiological work has shown that it could become impermeable to ions, and persistent nucleus cytoplasmic Ca2+ gradients have been documented in various cell types. The problem of the control of nuclear Ca2+ thus is still open: mechanisms for gating of the pores, based on the state of depletion of the cell Ca2+ stores, have been proposed, Irrespective of the mechanisms for possible pore gating, a final picture on the traffic of Ca2+ in and out of the nucleus must also include the Ca2+ pump as well as the InsP(3) and cyclic ADP ribose-modulated Ca2+ channels in the envelope, The channels can be activated by their ligands from inside the nucleus, producing Ca2+ transients in the nucleoplasm; the machinery for producing InsP(3) has been documented in the envelope. Most Ca2+-sensitive nuclear functions are jointly modulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin: calmodulin-dependent kinases and the calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin have been documented in the nucleus, An interesting case for the modulation of intranuclear processes by calmodulin-dependent kinases is that of immediate early genes, i.e., CREB, Other Ca2+-modulated nuclear processes are calmodulin independent: chief among them is the intranucleosomal cleavage of chromatin and the fragmentation of nuclear proteins during apoptosis.
引用
收藏
页码:1091 / 1109
页数:19
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