Determinants of reproductive success in the Rufous Bush Robin (Cercotrichas galactotes)

Over a 3-year period, we studied determinants of reproductive success in a population of the migratory Rufous Bush Robin (Cercotrichas galactotes) parasitized by the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Seasonal reproductive success (as measured by the number of fledglings produced) depended on the number of successful broods raised. Many breeding attempts failed owing to predation, probably by cuckoos, which mainly affected first and replacement clutches. Clutch size did not follow the general trend for multi-brooded species (mid-season peak), but showed a maximum early in the season, perhaps a consequence of delayed arrivals due to the negative effects of nest predation and parasitism through cuckoos. Interannual differences in several variables of breeding success might be explained by marginally significant between year differences in the number of nests depredated and/or parasitized. Breeding success appeared to be independent of parental body size, but female condition (as measured by the number of light bands) had a powerful effect, with females in poor condition having less fledglings in the season, and lower fledging success (proportion of nestlings that fledged) and nesting success (proportion of eggs that produced fledglings), than females in prime condition. Furthermore, age influenced breeding success, with old individuals producing more and heavier fledglings in the season than did yearlings. Poor breeding success or partner condition were unlikely to initiate divorce, but rates of nest predation, which are probably linked to the male contribution in nest defence, appeared to increase the probability of divorce.