Intergroup distinctiveness and differentiation: A meta-analytic integration

被引:392
作者
Jetten, J [1 ]
Spears, R
Postmes, T
机构
[1] Univ Exeter, Sch Psychol, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England
[2] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[3] Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Cardiff CF1 1XL, S Glam, Wales
基金
英国经济与社会研究理事会;
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0022-3514.86.6.862
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
The authors examined the relation between perceptions of intergroup distinctiveness and intergroup differentiation in a meta-analysis. They tested the social identity theory prediction that low intergroup distinctiveness underlies differentiation (the "reactive distinctiveness" hypothesis) for effects on behavioral and judgmental differentiation. In addition, they examined the moderating power of 4 variables that H. Tajfel and J. C. Turner (1979) predicted would influence differentiation (group identification, relevance of the dimension of comparison, relevance of the outgroup, and nature of intergroup relations). Analysis of 60 tests revealed that the overall effect of distinctiveness on differentiation was not significantly different from 0, but reactive distinctiveness was found on behavioral differentiation measures, whereas reflective distinctiveness was found on judgmental differentiation measures. Only group identification was a reliable moderator. High identifiers showed reactive distinctiveness, whereas low identifiers showed reflective distinctiveness.
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页码:862 / 879
页数:18
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