Technical aspects and utility of fMRI using BOLD and ASL

被引:195
作者
Detre, JA
Wang, JJ
机构
[1] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[2] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
关键词
functional magnetic resonance imaging; blood oxygenation level dependent; arterial spin labeling; perfusion; combination of neurophysiological; measurements and functional magnetic resonance imaging;
D O I
10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00038-X
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an emerging methodology which provides various approaches to visualizing regional brain activity non-invasively. Although the exact mechanisms underlying the coupling between neural function and fMRI signal changes remain unclear, fMRI studies have been successful in confirming task-specific activation in a variety of brain regions, providing converging evidence for functional localization. In particular, fMRI methods based on blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast and arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion contrast have enabled imaging of changes in blood oxygenation and cerebral blood flow (CBF). While BOLD contrast has been widely used as the surrogate marker for neural activation and can provide reliable information on the neuroanatomy underlying transient sensorimotor and cognitive functions, recent evidence suggests perfusion contrast is suitable for studying relatively long term effects on CBF both at rest or during activation. New developments in combining or simultaneously measuring the electrophysiological and fMRI signals allow a new class of studies that capitalize on dynamic imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution. This article reviews the biophysical bases and methodologies of fMRI and its applications to the clinical neurosciences, with emphasis on the spatiotemporal resolution of fMRI and its coupling with neurophysiology under both normal and pathophysiological conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:621 / 634
页数:14
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