Synthesis of crosslinked oxidized starch and its adsorption behavior for calcium ion

Cornstarch, after crosslinking with epichlorohydrin (4%, v/w, dry basis of the starch), was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide over the catalyst Cu(II). The newly synthesized products were applied to examine the calcium ion removal activity from water, under various conditions. Removal efficiency of calcium ion from aqueous solution increased proportionally with carboxyl content and the dose of crosslinked oxidized starch in the solution. Ionization of carboxyl groups in starch was necessary for the effective calcium removal. When the pH of the solution was adjusted below 4.0, the starch was no longer an effective calcium-sequestering agent. Adsorption isotherm models were developed, wherein the best fit was obtained in the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic, and the enthalpy change (Delta H-theta) the entropy change (Delta S-theta), and free energy change (Delta G(theta)) of the adsorption process were calculated with adsorption isotherm data and basic thermodynamic relations. It was assessed that adsorption occurred by strong electrostatic interactions with the negative adsorption enthalpy (Delta H-theta). The regeneration and reusability of oxidized starch were also assessed and were found to retain the adsorption capacity. @ 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.