Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors

Objectives: Fifty patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors, which accounts for 10.8% of all ovarian malignancies, were treated from 1977 through 1994. Their cases are reviewed. Methods: The histology includes endodermal sinus tumor (EST) in 15 patients, immature teratoma in 14, dysgerminoma in 13, and mixed germ cell tumor in eight. The mean age at presentation was 21.5 years and mean primary tumor diameter was 16 cm. All patients underwent surgery as the initial treatment, and 10 received more than one operation. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was not given to cases with stage Ia immature teratoma and dysgerminoma. VAC (vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide) and BVP (bleomycin, vinblastine, cisplatin) regimens were utilized in early 1980s for EST and advanced-stage tumors of immature teratoma and dysgerminoma. BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) and EP (etoposide, cisplatin) regimens were applied in advanced-stage disease and some stage I disease since 1990. VIP (VP-16, ifosfamide, cisplatin) regimen was employed as salvage regimen in cases where other combinations failed. Results: alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) was elevated in every tumor containing endodermal sinus element, and AFP served as a good indicator for prediction of tumor recurrence. The follow-up time ranged from 5 to 144 months with the mean of 54.5 months. Conclusions: The survival rate for EST was 54%, that for immature teratoma and dysgerminoma was 85% and 90%, respectively.