Early detection of platelet activation after coronary angioplasty

Background Although platelet activation has been considered an important reaction after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), it is still difficult to detect the activated platelets in vivo directly. Methods To detect platelets activated at an early stage after PTCA, blood samples were taken from the coronary sinus and the aorta in 22 patients with coronary artery disease, who underwent PTCA for a lesion of the left anterior descending artery. Ten patients with coronary artery disease, who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography only, were compared with them. The expression of activation-dependent granular protein, CD62P (P-selectin) and CD63, on the platelet membrane surface was analysed using flow cytometry, The plasma thrombomodulin level was also measured. Results The percentage of platelets positive for CD62P (0.53+/-0.04 to 0.80+/-0.11%, P <0.01) and CD63 (16.0+/-1.4 to 19.8+/-2.0%, P <0.05) increased after PTCA in the coronary sinus, although it did not change in the aorta. The plasma thrombomodulin level also increased after PTCA in the coronary sinus (16.7+/-1.0 to 20.4+/-2.0 u/ml, P <0.05). However, these parameters did not change after coronary angiography only, After PTCA, the plasma thrombomodulin level was correlated with the percentage of platelets positive for CD62P (r=0.88, P <0.001) and with that for CD63 (r=0.69, P <0.001) in the coronary sinus. Conclusions PTCA produced activation of circulatory platelets, which might have been caused by balloon-induced vascular endothelial injury. One should take care to avoid needless vascular injury during the PTCA procedure to inhibit the platelet activation.