Communication routes between intracranial spaces and inner ear: function, pathophysiologic importance and relations with inner ear diseases

Objective: There exist 3 communication routes between the intracranial space and the inner ear, the vestibular aqueduct. the cochlear aqueduct, and the internal auditory canal. They possess a key role in inner ear pressure regulation and fluid homeostasis and are related to inner ear diseases. Review Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed, and the current knowledge of the anatomy, physiologic importance, and relations to inner car diseases were described. Pathologic communication routes Such as semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome were highlighted as well. Conclusion: Abnormalities in all 3 communication routes may predispose or be the cause of distinct inner car pathologic condition and involved in other cochlear and vestibular syndromes, in which their role is not completely clear. The increasing knowledge of the underlying mechanisms encourages promising approaches for possible intervention in the future. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.