Role of RSUME in inflammation and cancer

RSUME (for RWD-domain-containing sumoylation enhancer), RWDD3 gene, was identified from a pituitary tumor cell with increased tumorigenic and angiogenic potential, and has higher expression in cerebellum, pituitary, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, adrenal gland and prostate. RSUME is induced by cellular stress like hypoxia and heat shock, and is increased in pituitary tumors, in gliomas and in VHL tumors. Seven splicing forms have been described. Two of them correspond to non-coding RNAs and the other five possess an RWD domain in the N-terminus and differ in their C-terminal end. RSUME enhances SUMO conjugation by interacting with the SUMO conjugase Ubc9, increases Ubc9 thioester formation and therefore favors sumoylation of specific targets. RSUME increases I kappa B levels and stabilizes HIF-1 alpha during hypoxia, leading to inhibition of NF-kappa B and increased HIF-1 transcriptional activity. RSUME inhibits pVHL function, thus suppressing HIF-1 and 2 alpha ubiquitination and degradation. Disruption of the RVVD domain structure of RSUME indicated that this domain is critical for RSUME action. The findings point to an important role of RSUME in the regulation and stability of specific targets, which are key regulatory mediators in cancer and inflammation. (C) 2015 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.