Long-term fertilisation causes excess supply and loss of phosphorus in purple paddy soil

被引:24
作者
Zhang, Yue-Qiang [1 ]
Wen, Ming-Xia [2 ]
Li, Xue-Ping [1 ]
Shi, Xiao-Jun [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China
[2] Zhejiang Citrus Res Inst, Taizhou 318020, Peoples R China
[3] Natl Monitoring Stn Soil Fertil & Fertilizer Effi, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China
关键词
paddy; typical Purpli-Udic Cambisol; long-term fertilisation; phosphorus; loss; RICE FIELDS; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; WATER; DRAINAGE; RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION; SURFACE; PRODUCTIVITY;
D O I
10.1002/jsfa.6390
中图分类号
S [农业科学];
学科分类号
09 ;
摘要
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) loss from cropland is accelerating the eutrophication of waters around the world such as the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China. We investigated whether purple paddy soil under long-term P applications was a major source of P efflux to the TGR. RESULTS Substantial surplus P in the plough layer (0-20 cm) was evident after 15-year P applications. Available P (Olsen-P) in the plough layer ranged from 1.9 to 42.4 mg kg(-1) and some of which will exceed the threshold of 30 mg kg(-1) for environmental concern within 7 years of P application (inorganic NPK with or without organic fertiliser). Between 30 and 70% of Olsen-P was leached out of the 0-30 cm soil layer. Surplus P resulted in high P concentrations in the surface water during the rice cropping season, and these concentrations exceeded those in most waters of the TGR and exceeded the critical level for eutrophication (0.1 mg L-1) during the first 10 days after rice planting. Furthermore, total P in run-off due to rainfall events exceeded the level for eutrophication, with a total loss of 43.2-147.9 g P ha(-1) depending on the fertilisation. CONCLUSION Current agronomic P management in purple paddy soil is environmentally unsustainable in terms of the adverse impact on surface water quality. Integrated P management practices are urgently required to optimise crop yield while minimising P loss in order to protect surface water quality in the TGR region. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
引用
收藏
页码:1175 / 1183
页数:9
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