Liquid phase hydrogenation of citral:: suppression of side reactions

Selective hydrogenation of citral was investigated at 70degreesC in four different alcohols over Ru, Rh and Ni supported catalysts. The main aim was to suppress the side reaction, like acetalization and cyclization of citronellal. Acetalization could be suppressed either by using chloride-free catalyst precursors and other supports than active carbon or by using longer chained alcohols, like 2-pentanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol as solvents. The highest maximum selectivity to citronellol (92%) was obtained in citral hydrogenation in ethanol over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, which was pre-reduced ex situ at 350degreesC and in situ at 350degreesC for 2 h in ethanol. The acidic alumina support was covered by spillover hydrogen, suppressing the acetalization reaction. Citronellal cyclization increased with the increasing solvent hydrophobicity and was also larger over active carbon supported Ru catalyst. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.