An earth's field nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus suitable for pulsed gradient spin echo measurements of self-diffusion under Antarctic conditions

We describe an earth's field nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus which can be used to carry out pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) diffusion measurements. The instrument is portable and incorporates automated process control, allowing direct measurement of the Larmor precession. The use of a common clock for pulse sequencing, excitation pulse synthesis, and detection, results in a phase stability sufficient for accurate signal averaging. The analysis of PGSE data under the conditions of a weak detection field is discussed and measurements of diffusion are presented under both New Zealand and Antarctic conditions. The Antarctic results include an example of restricted diffusion of brine water in McMurdo Sound sea ice. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(97)04311-6].