Comparison of pharyngeal, fecal, and cloacal samples for the isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from experimentally infected cockatiels and turkeys

Direct comparisons were made of chlamydial isolation rates from pharyngeal swabs, fecal samples, and cloacal swabs from cockatiels and pharyngeal and cloacal swabs from turkeys experimentally infected with Chlamydia psittaci. During pathogenesis studies, 133 paired specimens were collected from cockatiels and 118 paired specimens were collected from turkeys. Of the 51 cockatiel chlamydial infections defected, 80.4% were positive by the pharyngeal swab sample, 45.1% were positive by the fecal swab sample, and 37.3% were positive by the cloacal swab sample. Of the 87 turkey infections detected, 93.1% were positive by the pharyngeal swab sample and 77.0% were positive by the cloacal swab. The pharyngeal swabs were the most reliable sample for isolation of chlamydia from live birds. However, no single sampling site yielded positive results from all infected birds. Specimens from multiple sites are recommended because a number of infected birds were identified by isolation from only 1 sample.