Traumatic loss: Conceptual and empirical links between trauma and bereavement

This article focuses on conceptual issues and empirical studies regarding the topic of traumatic loss (i.e., loss that occurs suddenly and under violent circumstances) as a method for linking the field of trauma, and that of grief and bereavement. Several definitions of trauma ale presented that include the concept of loss, and additional concepts are suggested that may be helpful in thinking about the true areas together. Also, modes of death associated with poor recovery are noted, and it is argued that these modes are those that make a bereavement more "traumatic." Some empirical studies on the psychological outcomes associated with traumatic loss are reviewed, and preliminary findings from a new study of traumatically bereaved women are briefly presented.