Cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral supramolecular receptors for enantioselective sensing

In view of the chiral nature of many bio-molecules ( and all bio-macromolecules), most of therapeutically active compounds which target these molecules need to be chiral and "good handed" to be effective. In addition to asymmetric synthetic and separation methodologies, enantioselective chemical sensors, able to distinguish between two enantiomers of the same molecule, are of relevance. In order to design these sensing tools, two major classes of enantioselective layers have been developed. The first is based on molecularly imprinted polymers which are produced ( polymerized) in the presence of their target, thus the polymeric material keep in "memory" the size and the shape of this molecule and the system could be used for sensing ( not reviewed here). The second approach makes use of sensitive layers containing chiral macrocyclic receptors able of stereoselective molecular recognition; these receptors are mainly based on cyclodextrins. In this contribution, are reviewed achievements in the use of native or chemically modified cyclodextrins for chiral sensing purposes ( at interfaces). Potentialities of other chiral macrocycles based on calixarenes, calix-resorcinarenes or crown-ethers as supramolecular receptors for enantioselective sensing are discussed.