Structure-activity relationships of (4-acylpyrrol-2-yl)alkanoic acids as inhibitors of the cytosolic phospholipase A(2): Variation of the substituents in positions 1, 3, and 5

Derivatives of 3-(1,3,5-trimethyl-4-octadecanoylpyrrol-2-yl)propionic acid (1) and (1,3,5-trimethyl-4-octadecanoylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid (4) were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the cytosolic phospholipase A(2) of intact bovine platelets. While replacement of one of the methyl groups in position 1, 3, or 5 of the acetic acid 4 by a benzyl residue did not influence the inhibitory potency significantly, the introduction of a dodecyl chain led to compounds which even enhanced the enzymatic activity. Stepwise elongation of the alkyl substituent in position 1 showed that the ability to inhibit the enzyme was lost when the alkyl chain exceeded a length of five carbons in case of compound 1 or six carbons in case of compound 4. Introduction of a polar functional group at the end of the 1-alkyl chain of these inactive pyrroles, however, restored or even elevated inhibitory potency. The most preferable of the polar terminal functions investigated was the carboxylic acid moiety. 6-[2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-dodecanoyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl] hexanoic acid (65c) and 6-[2-(carboxymethyl)-4-dodecanoyl- 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl]nonanoic acid (66f) were the synthesized inhibitors with the greatest potency With IC50 values of 3.4 and 3.3 mu M, respectively, they were about 3-fold more active than the standard cPLA(2) inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (IC50: 11 mu M).