Development and characterization of an annular denuder methodology for the measurement of divalent inorganic reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air

被引:358
作者
Landis, MS [1 ]
Stevens, RK
Schaedlich, F
Prestbo, EM
机构
[1] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA
[2] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA
[3] Tekran Inc, Toronto, ON M3A 1A3, Canada
[4] Frontier Geosci Inc, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es015887t
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Atmospheric mercury is predominantly present in the gaseous elemental form (Hg-0). However, anthropogenic emissions (e.g., incineration, fossil fuel combustion) emit and natural processes create particulate-phase mercury (Hg-(p)) and divalent reactive gas-phase mercury (RGM). RGM species (e.g., HgCl2, HgBr2) are water-soluble and have much shorter residence times in the atmosphere than Hg-0 due to their higher removal rates through wet and dry deposition mechanisms. Manual and automated annular denuder methodologies, to provide high-resolution (1-2 h) ambient RGM measurements, were developed and evaluated. Following collection of RGM onto KCl-coated quartz annular denuders, RGM was thermally decomposed and quantified as Hg-0. Laboratory and field evaluations of the denuders found the RGM collection efficiency to be >94% and mean collocated precision to be <15%. Method detection limits for sampling durations ranging from I to 12 h were 6.2-0.5 pg m(-3), respectively. As part of this research, the authors observed that methods to measure Hg(p) had a significant positive artifact when RGM coexists with Hg(p). This artifact was eliminated if a KCl-coated annular denuder preceded the filter. This new atmospheric mercury speciation methodology has dramatically enhanced our ability to investigate the mechanisms of transformation and deposition of mercury in the atmosphere.
引用
收藏
页码:3000 / 3009
页数:10
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