Dry eye in 2008

Purpose of review Although researchers continue to investigate the multifarious etiologic, anatomical, physiological, and pathological factors of dry eye, successful treatment remains a challenge. Recent findings Dry eye prevalence is substantial across populations and the term 'dry eye' is used to describe numerous causes and varied pathophysiologies. Advanced study of the physiological aspects of the ocular anatomy (e.g. cornea and conjunctiva, tear film, eyelids) allows improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in dry eye and the impact of different causes on these entities. Sophisticated diagnostics are being developed to efficiently identify dry eye. Management options include a variety of novel agents in the pipeline. Summary The development of improved etiological understanding and diagnostics for dry eye, as well as emerging therapeutics, will likely allow targeted therapy in the future.