A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human abdominal aortic aneurysm wall

Aim: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular degenerative disease. AAA wall contains inflammatory cells that produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that probably contribute to elastolysis and remodeling of the aneurysm. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to reduce the expression of various molecules (including MMPs) independently of their cholesterol-lowering effect. The aims of this study are to investigate whether statins could modulate the biology of AAA wall and have a potential therapeutic value against AAAs. Methods. We performed immunohistochemical analysis, evaluated MMP-9 production in the aortic wall from patients with infrarenal AAA (n = 10) and control patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease (n = 8), and examined the effect of cerivastatin on MMP-9 production in the AAA wall with organ culture. Results: Neutrophils and macrophages were the cellular sources of MMP-9 in the AAA wall. The tissue concentrations of both total and active MMP-9 were significantly higher in tissues from A-AA walls than in control aortic walls. Cerivasratin (0.001 to 0.1 mumol/L) significantly reduced the tissue levels of both total and active MMP-9 in a concentration-dependent manner (P <.001), and the production of tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 was unaffected. Cerivastatin neither reduced the number of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages nor enhanced apoptosis of those cells, as evaluated with terminal transferase-mediated deoxyurisine triphosphate nick end labeling. Conclusion: These results suggest that cerivastatin can directly modulate the biology of the AAA wall and suppress MMP-9 production in the AAA wall by inhibiting the activation of neutrophils and macrophages, indicating that statin therapy could be useful for the prevention or treatment of AAA.