Pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass devices: Trends in device use for cardiopulmonary bypass and postcardiotomy support

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) devices and techniques have continuously evolved. We have conducted surveys that chronicle the changes in CPB devices and techniques used at North American pediatric cardiac surgery centers since 1989. The aim of this article is to describe trends in cardiopulmonary bypass device use during cardiac surgery and changes in the devices used for extracorporeal life support (ECLS) following cardiac surgery for pediatric patients. The diffusion of innovation in pediatric cardiovascular surgery has not been solely driven by the availability of scientific evidence to support change but rather it has often been related to other factors that influence clinicians willingness to change including; tradition, ease of use, and cost related pressures. The current CPB systems used for cardiac surgery are more homogenous than in previous years. Most centers use a heparin coated or modified surface system comprised of a "hard shell" open venous reservoir, a roller pump, a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, and arterial line filter. ECLS systems comprised of hollow fiber oxygenators and centrifugal pumps for are gradually replacing the classical ECLS circuit, servo regulated roller pumps and silicone rubber membranes. Nearly 40% of centers use these alternate components in their ECLS systems. Costs, utility, safety and measurable benefit to the patient should guide decisions related to device selection.