Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

Arterial stiffness assessed by the pulse wave velocity (PWV), a non-invasive and reproducible method, predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main determinants of arterial stiffness are well established in younger and middle-aged populations, but much less in the elderly. The aim of this study was to describe the determinants of arterial stiffness in elderly apparently healthy subjects. The study included 221 voluntary subjects born before 1944 ( mean age 67.4 +/- 5.0 years), who had a standard health check-up at the 'Centre de Medecine Preventive' of Nancy. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring the carotid - femoral PWV with the PulsePen automatic device. Clinical and biological parameters were evaluated at the same day. Measurements were valid and analysed in 207 subjects ( 94 women). Mean PWV was 9.39 +/- 2.64 m/s. Men showed higher PWV values than women (9.99 +/- 2.56 vs 8.66 +/- 2.56, P<0.001). In univariate analysis, PWV was correlated with age ( r = 0.26, P<0.001) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) ( r = 0.40, P<0.001), and these relationships were similar in men and women. Subjects with hypertension ( P<0.001), diabetes mellitus ( P<0.001) and obesity ( P<0.01) had higher values of PWV. In multiple regression analysis, PWV correlated positively and independently with age, male gender, MAP and diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, in an apparently healthy elderly population, the main determinants of arterial stiffness are the age, MAP, diabetes and gender. Our study also shows that the gender-related differences in arterial stiffness observed in middle-aged subjects are maintained in the elderly.