Material properties of nanoclay PVC composites

被引:127
作者
Awad, Walid H. [3 ,4 ]
Beyer, Gunter [5 ]
Benderly, Daphne [6 ]
Ijdo, Wouter L. [6 ]
Songtipya, Ponusa [1 ,2 ,7 ]
Jimenez-Gasco, Maria del Mar [7 ]
Manias, E. [1 ,2 ]
Wilkie, Charles A. [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Penn State Univ, Polymer Nanostruct Lab CSPS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[2] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[3] Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
[4] Marquette Univ, Fire Retardant Res Facil, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
[5] Kabelwerk Eupen, B-4700 Eupen, Belgium
[6] Elements Special, Hightstown, NJ 08520 USA
[7] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
关键词
PVC nanocomposites; Fire retardancy; Thermal stability; POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; POLY(VINYL; RETARDANCY; POLYMER;
D O I
10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.007
中图分类号
O63 [高分子化学(高聚物)];
学科分类号
070305 ; 080501 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Nanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride) have been prepared using both hectorite- and bentonite-based organically-modified clays. The organic modification used is tallow-triethanol-ammonium ion. The morphology of the systems was investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and these systems show that true nanocomposites, both intercalated and exfoliated systems, are produced. The mechanical properties have been evaluated and the modulus increases upon nanocomposite formation without a significant decrease in teasile strength or elongation at break. Thermal analysis studies using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis were conducted. Thermal stability of the PVC systems was assessed using a standard thermal process evaluating the evolution of hydrogen chloride and by color development through the yellowness index. Cone calorimetry was used to measure the fire properties and especially to evaluate smoke evolution. The addition of an appropriately-modified bentonite or hectorite nanoclay leads to both a reduction in the total smoke that is evolved, and an increase in the length of time over which smoke is evolved. Along with this, a reduction in the peak heat release rate is seen. It is likely that the presence of the clay in some way interferes with the cyclization of the conjugated system formed upon HCl loss. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1857 / 1867
页数:11
相关论文
共 41 条
[1]   Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: Preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials [J].
Alexandre, Michael ;
Dubois, Philippe .
Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 2000, 28 (1-2) :1-63
[2]   Organoclays as flame retardants for PVC [J].
Beyer, Guenter .
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, 2008, 19 (06) :485-488
[3]   Flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride by organoclays [J].
Beyer, Gunter .
JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES, 2007, 25 (01) :65-78
[4]  
Chen CH, 2005, J POLYM SCI POL PHYS, V43, P1465, DOI [10.1002/polb.20444, 10.1002/POLB.20444]
[5]  
CONSTANCE MC, 2006, POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL, V17, P272
[6]  
CONSTANCE MC, 2006, POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL, V17, P764
[7]   Benzimidazolium surfactants for modification of clays for use with styrenic polymers [J].
Costache, Marius C. ;
Heidecker, Matthew J. ;
Manias, E. ;
Gupta, Rakesh K. ;
Wilkie, Charles A. .
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY, 2007, 92 (10) :1753-1762
[8]   The influence of carbon nanotubes, organically modified montmorillonites and layered double hydroxides on the thermal degradation and fire retardancy of polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polystyrene [J].
Costache, Marius C. ;
Heidecker, Matthew J. ;
Manias, E. ;
Camino, Giovanni ;
Frache, Alberto ;
Beyer, Gunter ;
Gupta, Rakesh K. ;
Wilkie, Charles A. .
POLYMER, 2007, 48 (22) :6532-6545
[9]  
CULLIS CF, 1981, COMBUSTION ORGANIC P, P117
[10]   An XPS investigation of thermal degradation and charring on poly(vinyl chloride)-clay nanocomposites [J].
Du, JX ;
Wang, DY ;
Wilkie, CA ;
Wang, JQ .
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY, 2003, 79 (02) :319-324